How to Write SEO Optimized Blog Posts

I'm not a SEO Expert, nor what you will read further is a top secret, but this is about the basic optimization that everyone should apply in order to write seo optimized blog posts. And with these techniques, effort, and a bit of patience, you can occupy the best places in the search results of different search engines.

Obviously, not all scenarios are the same, neither all blogs are positioned in the same manner, some might have greater competition than others depending on how popular is the topic that they handle; therefore, when it comes to web ranking, there's no specific time that applies for all. Having said this, let's get into the subject.

Focus on a topic

Whatever the topic of your blog is, when you try to write a seo optimized blog post, focus on a specific subject that has a clear purpose, with no distractions. For example, if you write about "Digital Cameras", then the beginning and ending of your post should be only about it. Don't start talking about digital cameras and end up telling about what you have done last weekend. A reader goes to a page because is looking for a specific information. So, unless it is not a personal blog (where you write about your daily life), do not deviate from the topic.

Define the post title

The post title should be short and to the point, so that you can briefly summarize the content of the post, but you shouldn't abuse this either. Although it has to be concise, don't try to 'save' words which might be keys to the search.

Examples:

Collection of all the cameras that have been released last year on the market

The best digital cameras of 2013

Clearly, the first one hasn't been defined very much, and the second one is not only more accurate, but it is also more relevant for what people are searching on the internet.

The keywords

Keywords are those terms that the most people are searching for on the internet and you should try focusing on them when writing a post; these keywords need to be included throughout the entire post, but be careful to not over-stuff keywords into your content.

Example:

During the fourth week of the technology, there were many products that are utilized today, and the most famous experts gave a speech on them.

At the opening of the fourth Technology Week, the experts talked about various topics, including how to choose a digital camera, had discussions about the pros and cons of the iPad, and which are the best smartphones.

In the first example, we have written without paying attention to any terms. While, in the second one, we used phrases that are searched on the internet by the most users.

So, the most popular keywords should be included wisely without cluttering your posts with them, or it can be counterproductive.

Again, these keywords should be included in the posts title, as well.

Rely on synonyms

While it's a good strategy to use specific keywords, we should not limit ourselves to a single word. It is recommended using synonyms because users do not name things in same way and using less keywords, we can avoid leaving the impression that we are being too repetitive and insistent.

Examples:

For those who like good quality pictures, Nikon D7000s Digital Camera is a 16.2 megapixel digital camera that takes great pictures.

For those who like good quality images, Nikon D7000s is a 16.2 megapixel digital camera that takes excellent pictures.

In the first example, we have repeated the word 'digital camera' and 'pictures' twice. While, in the second one, we used the digital camera keyword once and changed the word 'pictures' with 'images'.

This way, the reader will find a greater diversity of words and might enjoy the article more.

Using bold and italics

A good practice when you write seo optimized blog posts, would be to make the keywords bold by wrapping them in strong tags, so that they will stand out from the rest. But keep in mind that this shouldn't be done with CSS, but with HTML, i.e. they should not be tagged with font-weight: bold; but rather with <b> or even better, with <strong>.

Examples:

For those who like good quality images, Nikon D7000s is a 16.2 megapixel digital camera that takes excellent pictures.

The result seems to be the same, but it is not. Although these three keywords are in bold, only one is more attractive to robots, which is the first:

For those who like <strong>good quality images</strong>, <b>Nikon D7000s</b> is a 16.2 megapixel <span style="font-weight: bold;">digital camera</span> that takes excellent pictures.

The same goes for the italics. Use them for highlighting important words, but don't place them between font-style: italic; but rather between <i> or even better <em>.

For those who like <strong>good quality images</strong>, <em>Nikon D7000s</em> is a 16.2 megapixel <span style="font-style: italic;">digital camera</span> that takes excellent pictures.

Again, the first one has a better chance of ranking than the others. Thus, it is recommended to highlight the keywords in bold and italics, or to put them between <strong> and </strong>, or between <em> and </em>.

Using External Links

Some may say that we shouldn't use links in the posts because this way we are giving away our Page Rank. This is not quite true. Using referral links to sites that have already shaped their credibility, will also help us to shape our own. Certainly, we should not flood our posts with links, but we can do it when is needed and especially with sites that talk about the same topics as our own.

Another important thing to mention is that, we should avoid putting the typical "click here" or similar texts. When you put a link, the anchor text should be fairly descriptive.

Examples:

<a href="Link URL">Click here</a> to know more

More information about <a href="Link URL">digital cameras</a>

In the first example, the anchor text is not relevant and descriptive, but in the second it is.

Rank with your images

Posts with images are not only visually appealing, but might help the reader to understand what you are talking about. So, whenever you can, use an image in your post to illustrate the writing, but don't overdo it. Many images or very large images can slow the loading time of the blog.

New and relevant content

You should focus not only on writing many posts, but also making them relevant to your readers. New and original content is more attractive to the search engines, than a copy & paste (actually, the last gets penalized). So try to write new stuff, even if you think that all has been said. Each person has a different way of saying things.

Also, always get informed before writing a post. Do a research and see if the information is valid; based on that, you will gain the trust of your readers.

Final Words

With these few techniques you can increase the chances of ranking your posts higher in search engines. As I mentioned earlier, these aren't things that no one heard about, but I know that many are beginners and may not know how to write seo optimized blog posts.

It does not hurt repeating that the results won't appear overnight, but with some effort and patience, you should see the desired results over time.

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Baltimore County workers' personal information stolen

Marcos Colon, Digital Content Coordinator

November 01, 2013 Baltimore County workers' personal information stolen

The personal information of current and past Baltimore County employees was stolen by a former employee of a county information technology contractor.
How many victims? More than 12,000 current and former Baltimore County employees.
What type of personal information? Social Security numbers, home addresses, salaries, leave balances, and county identification numbers.
What happened? The personal information of current and past Baltimore County employees was found on the computer of a man who was a former employee of an information technology contractor hired by the county. County officials believe the information was accessed when the suspect brought a new computer to a county employee who had downloaded the information as part of a work assignment.
What was the response? County officials sent letters to those affected by the breach, informing them that no personal financial information of any current or former employee was found on the computer.
Details: Authorities discovered the data while investigating an unrelated identity theft case in which the alleged perpetrator was involved. In spring of 2013, he was indicted by the Baltimore County state attorney's office after a neighbor filed a complaint that he had made purchases using fake checks and IDs. After authorities executed a search warrant on his home, personal items, including his computer, were seized. He fled the state and wasn't arrested.
On October 15, he was taken into custody in another state and he will now be extradited to Maryland to face identity theft charges that are unrelated to the Baltimore County employees incident.
Quote: “At this time, there is no evidence that any employee's information was misused in any way,” Fred Homan, county administrative officer, wrote in a letter to those affected by the breach.
Source: baltimoresun.com, The Baltimore Sun, “Former employee of contractor obtained Balt. Co. workers' personal data,” Oct. 31, 2013.

http://www.scmagazine.com/baltimore-county-workers-personal-information-stolen/article/319162/

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How to Add a Tiny jQuery Circleslider to Blogger

Tiny Circleslider is a small jQuery plugin generating a circular carousel of images that we can slide infinitely (circular). When clicking on the red dot, the main picture moves to the left and another set of images will slide out. There is nothing complicated about using this type of carousel, however when it's about customizing it, we need to use a bit of arithmetic. All these details can be found in the author's homepage, so I'll just limit myself to show you the basics.

To see it in action, please visit the below demo blog and just drag the red dot:

Tiny jQuery Circleslider Demo

Adding the Tiny CircleSlider to a Blogger Blog

In order to make it work, first task is to add the javascript jQuery library in the template:

Step 1. Log in to your Blogger account > select your blog

Step 2. Go to "Template" and hit the Edit HTML button:

Step 3. Click anywhere on the code area and search by using the CTRL + F keys for this tag:

</head>

Step 4. Just above the </head> tag, add the following scripts:

<script src='http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script src="http://helplogger.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/jquery.tinycircleslider.min.js"/>

Please note that if you already have another version of jQuery, you will need to remove the line in red.

Step 5. Now, let's add the CSS styles above the same </head> tag:

<style>
  #rotatescroll { /* is the rectangle container */
    height: 300px;
    position: relative;
    width: 300px;
  }
  #rotatescroll .viewport { /* is the rectangle containing the images */
    height: 300px;
    position: relative;
    margin: 0 auto;
    overflow: hidden;
    width: 300px
  }
  #rotatescroll .overview { /* is the list with the images */
    left: 0;
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
  }
  #rotatescroll .overview li { /* each item of the list */
    float: left;
    height: 300px;
    position: relative;
    width: 300px;
  }
  #rotatescroll .overlay { /* the image with the circle overlapping the list */
    background: transparent url(https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3hePJGX2xiec2oEk625uxdW4Qmd8-LXj7775GRYQN0cY35I5zT2Pfuhg38nnVEs9JOCAgMDrP4jB9XtddvP5fAMlTnLsOaRcAkW6BujKRtmEeDKOXJiwK1vGF9akJzPnlGlLp4yOheK5c/s1600/bg-rotatescroll.png) no-repeat 0 0;
    height: 300px;
    left: 0;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    width:300px;
  }
  #rotatescroll .thumb { /* the red circle that allows us to navigate */
    background:transparent url(https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihBeEBYROkbAUxBb0ErJKWlyhKRRJzpi33HCHFYT4_AZjMzqAxzUYD634aot3eUem6MEkf1FlHO2BLBQn89l3kw93-JBbFGLKOx_raYx8RTGsQIXKaT4_DF9lZw14H8OYoQOQdSexzOhkU/s1600/bg-thumb.png) no-repeat 0 0;
    cursor: pointer;
    height: 26px;
    left: 137px;
    position: absolute;
    top: -3px;
    width: 26px;
    z-index: 200;
  }
  #rotatescroll .dot { /* the points indicating the position of each image */
    background: transparent url(https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDgnQiUQd0nuHVEUnSw7egvwlbfxt2cn_3EJASkyjSQDmxeT85dgCTcs-Rsz5CHspkF1t5XhEBKyTQYLdDfZTVK9vSbThCFE0fu9firGpzsG1jCsDJzGS7JV50l8r0J8_vSwf2ykIBWzSk/s1600/bg-dot.png) no-repeat 0 0;
    display: none;
    height: 12px;
    left: 155px;
    position: absolute;
    top: 3px;
    width: 12px;
    z-index: 100;
  }
  #rotatescroll .dot span { /* are hidden by default */
    display: none;
  }
 #rotatescroll .viewport ul.overview li img {
   width: 100%;
   min-height: 260px;
   margin-top: 20px;
   padding:0;
   border:0;
 }
</style>

Screenshot

Step 6. Save the changes by clicking the Save Template button

And here's the HTML that has to be added to where we want to display the carousel. To add it inside a post, click the "New post" button on the left side of your dashboard and paste the below code in the "HTML" box of your post:

<div id="rotatescroll">
  <div class="viewport">
    <ul class="overview">
      <li><img src="imageURL" /></li>
      <li><img src="imageURL" /></li>
      <li><img src="imageURL" /></li>
      <li><img src="imageURL" /></li>
      <li><img src="imageURL" /></li>
    </ul>
  </div>
  <div class="dot"></div>
  <div class="overlay"></div>
  <div class="thumb"></div>
</div>

<script type="text/javascript">
$(document).ready(function(){
$('#rotatescroll').tinycircleslider({
interval: true,
snaptodots: true
});
});
</script>

Adding HTML inside a Blogger post

Replace the imageURL text with the URL of your images.

Some other options that could be added, separated by commas:
1) snaptodots: false if you want no dots to be shown when dragging them
2) hidedots: false if you want to display the internal points (by default is true)
3) intervaltime - is the time between slides (by default 3500)
4) radius - defines the size of the circle (by default is 140)

To add it to your sidebar, simply go to "Layout" > click the "Add a Gadget link" > from the popup window, choose "HTML/Javascript" and paste the code inside the empty box.

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Turn off the lights with jQuery

For those who enjoy watching videos on the internet, this is a very useful script made with jQuery by Janko. And what this script does? It will turn off the lights for you, so that everything on the page will be fading to dark, except the video, and everything around the video will be less visible, in a way that nothing will distract you while watching it.

You can test it on the following demo blog - click the link that says "Turn off the lights" and the page will be darkened. To make the page elements active again, just click the "Turn on the lights" link:

Turn Off the Lights DEMO

How to add the "Turn off the Lights" Feature to Blogger/Blogspot 

Step 1. Log in to your Blogger account and click on your blog > go to "Template" and hit the "Edit HTML" button

Step 2. Click anywhere inside the code area and search for the following tag by pressing the CTRL + F keys (hit Enter to find it)

</head>

Step 3. After you found it, paste the below scripts just above it:

<script src='http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script type='text/javascript'>
//<![CDATA[
$(document).ready(function(){
$("#lightsoff").css("height", $(document).height()).hide();
$(".lightSwitcher").click(function(){
$("#lightsoff").toggle();
if ($("#lightsoff").is(":hidden"))
$(this).html("Turn off the lights").removeClass("turnedOff");
else
$(this).html("Turn on the lights").addClass("turnedOff");
});
});
//]]>
</script>

Note: if you already have one version of jquery in the template, please remove the line in red.

Step 4. Now search for the following tag:

]]></b:skin>

Step 5. Just above ]]></b:skin> add the following CSS:

/* Turn off the lights
----------------------------------------------- */
#lightsVideo {
position:relative;
z-index:102;
}
#switch {
max-width:640px;
text-align:left;
position:relative;
height:25px;
display:block;
margin: 25px 0 0 60px;
}
.lightSwitcher {
position:absolute;
z-index:101;
background-image:url(https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpGdlYdF3kFQEjggpiiSmeff1jZsqeOo5MJdUfZ2gkH2QGM5mqpwGpWuALTGRnPwiYgPij0YT5vbBvQ_hpb0CWvPo_BANnhGVXOUMnBbXTN4mzotJHgEEfYzA4N9z2Q8nUtey5aCZDTjNZ/s1600/lights-on.png);
background-repeat:no-repeat;
background-position:left;
padding: 0 0 0 20px;
outline:none;
text-decoration:none;
}
.lightSwitcher:hover {text-decoration:underline;}
.turnedOff {
color:#ffff00 !important;
background-image:url(https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMuk_nF6jZJkhXNGQJFRzLKqp-Z60WlfgA76IYjoWBnoUfXuIb8AEnQBKodLldVYDaed4i5hiRh8r7LjW6Ffstt2BJffJKxwSMhge4oyQNWnbwJaF_pCJ6_FybuNRVi_yBVtwF01BV6c7C/s1600/lights-off.png);
}
#lightsoff {
background:#000;
opacity:0.9;
filter:alpha(opacity=90);
position:absolute;
left:0;
top:0;
width:100%;
z-index:100;
}

Step 6. Try to find this tag:

</body>

Just above the </body> tag, add this HTML code:

<div id='lightsoff'/>

Step 7. Click the "Save Template" button and that's it!

Now, wherever you put your video, either a post or a HTML/Javascript gadget, use this code:

<center>
<div id="switch"><a class="lightSwitcher" href="javascript:void(0);">Turn off the lights</a></div>
<div id="lightsVideo">
...Here goes the code of the video...
</div>
</center>

Add the code of your video instead of the blue text and "Save" or "Publish" your gadget / post. Now you can enjoy your videos with the lights off!

Remember that this trick uses jQuery and if you use another version of jQuery, you must check to have only one, otherwise it might now work.

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Before/After Photo Effect with jQuery

If you have a design or makeup blog, or if you are using before and after image comparison, this script will surely be very useful for you. In this tutorial, you will see how to add the Before/After plugin, a script that works with jQuery to display two pictures dynamically for comparing them at the same time.

To see it in action, please click on the demo link from below - by dragging sideways the small bar, you'll see both images that are being compared:

Before & After Demo

Implementing this script is really easy. We just need jQuery, the Before/After script, and the two images to compare.

How to add Before/After Effect on Blogger Images

Step 1. Go to Template > Edit HTML and click anywhere inside the code area. Now press the CTRL + F keys and search for the following tag - hit Enter to find it:

</head>

Step 2. Right before </head> paste the following scripts:

<script src='http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script src='http://code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.3/jquery-ui.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script src='http://helplogger.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/jquery.beforeafter.min.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script type='text/javascript'>
$(function(){
$(&#39;#beforeafter1&#39;).beforeAfter({showFullLinks : true});
});
</script>

Step 3. Click the Save template button to save your changes.

Note: if the above script doesn't work for you, add it above the </body> tag. Also, please see if you have added jQuery in your template (if you did so, then remove the line in green)

Step 3. To add it as a gadget - go to "Layout" > click on the "Add a gadget" link > choose "HTML/Javascript" option in the pop-up window and paste this code inside the empty box:

<div id='beforeafter1'>
<div><img alt='before' src='URL of the first image' width='500' height='291'/></div>
<div><img alt='after' src='URL of the second image' width='500' height='291'/></div>
</div>

Add the URL of the first image that is the "Before" image, and the URL of the second image that should be the "After" image. Also, don't forget to specify the width and height of each picture, so that they work on all browsers (see the part in orange and just add the height and width of your images).

If you want to add more images, you will need to change the ID of the container. In my example, the container is called beforeafter1, so you will need to change it to beforeafter2 and so on, although, you can choose any name as long as all are different.

Then, add another line, like the blue one from below, in the first code that you added in step 2:

<script src='http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script src='http://code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.3/jquery-ui.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script src='http://helplogger.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/jquery.beforeafter.min.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script type='text/javascript'>
$(function(){
$(&#39;#beforeafter1&#39;).beforeAfter({showFullLinks : true});
$(&#39;#beforeafter2&#39;).beforeAfter({showFullLinks : true});
});
</script>

You can add as many before/after images as you want, as long ass all containers have a different ID and the corresponding lines are added in the script.

Below each image /photo container are the "Show only Before" and "Show only after" links that, once you click on them, will display the "before" or "after" picture. If you want to hide these links, then just change "true" to "false" in the first code (step 2) and they will not be displayed anymore.

Note: if you see white space around the drag icons, then search for this code in your template:

   <Group description="Images" selector=".main-inner">
     <Variable name="image.background.color" description="Background Color" type="color" default="#ffffff" value="#ffffff"/>

And change the #ffffff value to transparent. That's it!

Autor: Catch my fame

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Spacegallery: image gallery/slideshow made with jQuery

There are many types of galleries for images that can be found on the internet, but we rarely find one displaying images so differently like this one. Those using Mac OS X will surely notice a lot of similarity with Time Machine and those who don't, I'm sure will enjoy this type of effect for viewing images.

SpaceGallery is a JQuery based slideshow / image gallery that performs overlaying in a visually appealing manner and provides a smooth fade out effect to images. This 3D image gallery lets you float through your pictures easily by enlarging them with an Apple-like animation.

To see the SpaceGallery slideshow in action, please visit this demo blog and click on the first image:

Demo Blog

How to Add Spacegallery Image Slideshow to Blogger

To implement this gallery is very easy. Just follow the steps below:

Step 1. Log in to your Blogger account and select your blog. Next, go to Template and click the Edit HTML button:

Step 2. Click anywhere on the code area and search by using the CTRL + F keys for this tag

</head>

Step 3. Just before/above the </head> tag, paste the following scripts:

<script src='http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.10.2/jquery.min.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script src='http://helplogger.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/SpaceGallery/eye.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script src='http://helplogger.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/SpaceGallery/utils.js' type='text/javascript'/>
<script src='http://helplogger.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/SpaceGallery/spacegallery.js' type='text/javascript'/>

<script type='text/javascript'>
//<![CDATA[
(function($){
var initLayout = function() {
var hash = window.location.hash.replace('#', '');
var currentTab = $('ul.navigationTabs a')
.bind('click', showTab)
.filter('a[rel=' + hash + ']');
if (currentTab.size() == 0) {
currentTab = $('ul.navigationTabs a:first');
}
showTab.apply(currentTab.get(0));
$('#myGallery').spacegallery({loadingClass: 'loading'});
};

var showTab = function(e) {
var tabIndex = $('ul.navigationTabs a')
.removeClass('active')
.index(this);
$(this)
.addClass('active')
.blur();
$('div.tab')
.hide()
.eq(tabIndex)
.show();
};

EYE.register(initLayout, 'init');
})(jQuery)
//]]>
</script>

Note: if you have already jQuery in your template, please delete the line in red.

Step 4. Next, search (CTRL + F) for this tag:

]]></b:skin>

Step 5. Above the ]]></b:skin> tag, paste the following CSS style:

#myGallery {
width: 100%;
height: 400px;
}
#myGallery img {
border: 2px solid #52697E;
}
a.loading {
background: url(https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9cF5mLh8RbHLyoH4PGZVg15gbu3L-U2Yq5qhdVUsFiBL5U-rCN_eAalizqe_5jmy6VZH48F9bhrGizs9eMmAXnwyOJ2auHLjk0WpvS0FPivaWGJ9oBy6azST0A_zW6cTSPjDGRMCR729K/s1600/ajax_small.gif) no-repeat center;
}
.spacegallery {
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;
}
.spacegallery img {
position: absolute;
left: 50%;
}
.spacegallery a {
position: absolute;
z-index: 1000;
display: block;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}

Step 6. Hit the Save template button to save the changes.

Step 7. Finally, go to Layout > Add a Gadget > HTML/Javascript and copy-paste the code below:

<div class="spacegallery" id="myGallery">
<img src="Image URL"/>
<img src="Image URL"/>
<img src="Image URL"/>
<img src="Image URL"/>
<img src="Image URL"/>
</div>

Replace the Image URL text with the image addresses that you want to appear on the gallery, considering that the last image is the first to be displayed.

If you want to add this slideshow inside a post, go to your dashboard and create a New Post, then paste the code in the HTML section.

That's it! Now, you can enjoy this simple image gallery on your blog and although, it has no display options or settings, it is without a doubt a gallery that will draw the attention of your readers.

Source: eyecon.ro

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How the modern world depends on encryption

By Mark Ward Technology correspondent, BBC News

 

Encryption helps to ensure that credit card transactions stay secure

 

Encryption makes the modern world go round. Every time you make a mobile phone call, buy something with a credit card in a shop or on the web, or even get cash from an ATM, encryption bestows upon that transaction the confidentiality and security to make it possible.

"If you consider electronic transactions and online payments, all those would not be possible without encryption," said Dr Mark Manulis, a senior lecturer in cryptography at the University of Surrey.

At its simplest encryption is all about transforming intelligible numbers or text, sounds and images into a stream of nonsense.

There are many, many ways to perform that transformation, some straightforward and some very complex. Most involve swapping letters for numbers and use maths to do the transformation. However, no matter which method is used the resulting scrambled data stream should give no hints about how it was encrypted.

During World War II, the Allies scored some notable victories against the Germans because their encryption systems did not sufficiently scramble messages. Rigorous mathematical analysis by Allied code crackers laid bare patterns hidden within the messages and used them to recreate the machine used to encrypt them.

Those codes revolved around the use of secret keys that were shared among those who needed to communicate securely. These are known as symmetric encryption systems and have a weakness in that everyone involved has to possess the same set of secret keys.

In the modern era, a need has arisen to communicate securely with people and organisations we do not know and with whom we cannot easily share secret keys, said Dr Manulis. This need has given rise to public-key cryptography. Despite the formidable name it encapsulates a simple idea.

Wartime code-cracking machines such as Colossus broke German encryption systems

Essentially, it allows anyone to send a message that only one person (or company or website or gadget) can unlock. It does this using two keys: one public, one private. The public key is used to lock a message. Anyone can get hold of that public key but once a message is locked with it, that message can only be opened with the corresponding private key.

Typically these keys are large numbers and the security of the system depends on the fact that some mathematical operations are easier than others.

For instance, it is far easier to multiply numbers together (public key and plain text message) to get a result than it is to start with that result (the scrambled message) and work backwards. Complicated mathematics guarantees that the right private key will unscramble a message.

Far harder, even for the fastest computer, is starting with that result (the scrambled message) and searching through all the possible combinations of numbers that could produce it.

"Because of the size of the keys is so huge its impossible for an attacker to search through the key space with the resources they usually have," he said. Such "brute force" attacks are pretty much doomed no matter how much computer power attackers bring to bear, he said

Typically the numbers used in these mathematical encryption systems are tens if not hundreds of digits long. This makes it impossible, to all intents and purposes, to search through all potential keys in a reasonable amount of time.

The web and many other modern communication systems employ a hybrid approach, said Dr Manulis, because public key encryption is not very computationally efficient compared to symmetric key encryption.

Even supercomputers would not break the strongest encryption algorithms

On the web, the relatively slower public key cryptography is used initially to establish a secure connection between you and a website. The symmetric system would be no good for this step because there is no way to securely swap the secret key.

However, with a secure channel in place, the faster symmetric system can be used to share a key and then scramble the data passing back and forth.

On mobiles, a similar system is used and encryption keys are held on a handset's sim card to help keep chatter scrambled.
Vulnerabilities
Attacks on these encryption systems take many forms, said Dr Manulis.

"You do not need to break the communication system if you have some spy software on the end point," he said.

In addition, weaknesses have been found in the software used to encapsulate them on computers and phones.

"The algorithms are mathematically proven," he said, " and if there's any problem then it usually comes in the implementation of the algorithm."

In addition, there have been suggestions that the NSA has subverted the process of creating encryption algorithms, to make them easier for it to break.

Official agencies can also force firms, be they websites or mobile operators, to surrender their private keys so they can eavesdrop on supposedly secure communications.

Some have sought to get make encryption more secure by using a technique known as end-to-end encryption.

This differs from more standard systems which can be vulnerable because their scrambling system is, in software terms, separate from the program used to create a message.

If attackers insert themselves between the message making software and the encryption system at either end of a conversation they will see information before it is scrambled.

End-to-end encryption closes this gap by having the message making software apply the scrambling directly. In addition, many of these systems run a closed network so messages never travel over the public internet and are only decrypted when they reach their intended recipient.

Some fear that sending data over public networks makes it more susceptible to surveillance

 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-24667834

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